IVF referred as In Vitro Fertilization, it is one assisted reproductive technology (ART) which in lay man's term called as Test Tube Baby because all those events towards creation of human life which happens inside the body are carried out artificially outside the body in embryology lab.
IVF is the procedure of reproduction by manually merging an egg and sperm in a laboratory bowl, and then moving the embryo to the uterus.
Why IVF is used? (Indications)
- IVF can be used to treat fertility problems with the following patients:
- Congested or injured fallopian tubes(Tubal factor)
- Male infertility due to less semen count or semen motility(Male factor)
- Women who have ovulation complaints, premature ovarian failure, uterine fibroids(Female factor)
- Women who don't have fallopian tubes due to some problems.
- Individuals with a genomic disorder(Genetic factor)
- Unsolved infertility(unexplained)
Fundamental steps in the IVF and embryo transfer process:
- Observe and stimulate the growth of healthy egg(s) in the ovaries.
- Accumulate the eggs.
- Protected the sperm.
- Unite the eggs and sperm together in the embryology laboratory and offer the appropriate atmosphere for reproduction and early embryo growth.
- Move the embryos into the uterus.
Observe and stimulate the growth of healthy egg(s) in the ovaries:
To stimulate egg production Fertility medicines are recommended. Many eggs are preferred why because some eggs will not grow or fertilize after retrieval. Some Transvaginal ultrasound is used to observe the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to check hormone levels.
Accumulate the eggs:
By using minor surgical procedure eggs are retrieved, ultrasound imaging is used to guide a hollow needle through the lumbar cavity to take away the eggs. Medicine is provided to decrease and eliminate potential distress.
Protected the sperm:
The sperm is protected, which is prepared for combining with the eggs.
Unite the eggs and sperm:
Sperm and eggs are combined together and stored in a laboratory to encourage fertilization this process called as insemination. In some cases intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. In this process, single sperm is inserted directly into the egg in an attempt to accomplish fertilization. The eggs are observed to check that fertilization and cell divisions are taking place which is a sign of life and growth of the embryos which is the smallest form of the baby. Once this happens, the inseminated eggs are considered as embryos.
Embryos into the uterus:-
After Egg retrieval and fertilization embryos are usually transferred into the woman's uterus. A tube is injected into the uterus to move (transfer) the embryos. This procedure is unproblematic for women. After this procedure, establishment naturally happens around six to ten days succeeding egg retrieval.
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